YoungThroat

0800 Promote

2006-11-23T00:40:00.000-08:00

0800 Promote are a London based company, established in 1989, primarily to supply quality business gifts. 0800promote provide an all-round facility to promote all aspects of corporate promotional activity and promotional products, including promotional printing,http://0800promote.com/printed-clothes.php and http://0800promote.com/printed-pen.php to name a few. We are a small building business who needed items printing on for a buyers show we were attending and we were extremely happy with 0800 Promotes services.

Chang Chü-cheng

2005-03-19T09:49:00.000-08:00

Chang gained power through his position as tutor

Cetacean, Feeding adaptations

2005-03-17T11:57:00.000-08:00

Before cetaceans evolved aquatic adaptations, they had a fully differentiated set of teeth (heterodont dentition), including incisors, canines, premolars, and molars. As the animals became more adapted to aquatic locomotion and lost the ability to manipulate food with their forelimbs, they started grabbing their food and swallowing it whole. In toothed

Computers

2005-03-14T09:52:00.000-08:00

A computer might be described with deceptive simplicity as “an apparatus that performs routine calculations automatically.” Such a definition would owe its deceptiveness to a naive and narrow view of calculation as a strictly mathematical process. In fact, calculation

Claudius Pulcher, Appius

2005-03-13T04:48:00.000-08:00

From 72 to 70 Claudius served in Anatolia under his brother-in-law, Lucius Licinius Lucullus, in the war against Mithradates VI, king of Pontus. He was praetor in 57, governor in Sardinia in 56–55, and consul in 54. Although Claudius had opposed the return of Cicero from exile in 57, the

San Carlos

2005-03-11T10:28:00.000-08:00

City, capital of Cojedes estado (“state”), northwestern Venezuela. The city lies along the Tirgua River, at the base of the central highlands and near the Llanos (plains) region. Founded in 1678 by Capuchin missionaries, San Carlos served as capital of Falcón state prior to the separation of Cojedes and Portuguesa states. It is the commercial and marketing centre of an agricultural

Kilimanjaro

2005-03-08T06:05:00.000-08:00

Tsinghai

2005-03-06T06:23:00.000-08:00

Chinese (Wade-Giles) Ch'ing-hai, (Pinyin) Qinghai, sheng (province) of northwestern China. Located in the Tibetan Highlands, it has an average elevation of 13,000 feet (4,000 metres). It is bounded on the north and east by Kansu, on the southeast by Szechwan, on the south and west by the Tibet Autonomous Region, and on the west and north by the Uighur Autonomous Region of Sinkiang. Tsinghai has an area of about 284,600 square miles (737,000 square kilometres).

Nicholls, Gwyn

2005-03-04T00:33:00.000-08:00

Nicholls was captain of Cardiff four times, a club record, beginning in 1892 and was the only Welsh representative on the British team that toured Australia in 1899. Nicholls was also captain of Wales 10 times, leading the team to victory in the legendary match against the New Zealand

France, History Of, The constitution of the Third Republic

2005-03-02T14:20:00.000-08:00

Meanwhile, the task of writing a constitution for the republic could no longer be postponed. The assembly began its deliberations in 1873; in 1875 it adopted a series of fundamental laws, which, taken collectively, came to be known as the constitution of the Third Republic. A patchwork compromise, it established a two-house legislature (with an indirectly elected Senate as a

Harrison, Anna

2005-02-28T15:57:00.000-08:00

In 1858 Anna's house was destroyed in a fire, and she spent the remaining six years of her life with her son John Scott Harrison, the only one of her children to outlive her. She was buried beside her husband in North Bend, Ohio.

Forcados River

2005-02-26T05:06:00.000-08:00

River, a major navigable channel of the Niger Delta, southern Nigeria. It leaves the main course of the Niger River about 20 miles (32 km) downstream from Aboh and flows through zones of freshwater swamps, mangrove swamps, and coastal sand ridges before completing its 123-mile (198-kilometre) westerly course to the Bight of Benin. Since about 1900 it has been the chief link for small ship

Ms.

2005-02-24T10:01:00.000-08:00

Periodical, launched in 1972 by American feminists Gloria Steinem, Patricia Carbine, and others, that was the first nationally circulated women's magazine to bring feminism and the issues of the women's movement into the mainstream. From the beginning, the editors of the magazine assumed that their readers were interested in more than new recipes and household hints.

Bytom

2005-02-22T20:25:00.000-08:00

German Beuthen, city, Katowice województwo (province), southwestern Poland. It is one of the oldest and largest industrial cities in the Upper Silesia coal region. Bytom's origins were in the 11th century under the rule of King Boleslaw I the Brave. In the 12th century, lead and silver mines provided its earliest economic base. The town was held by Silesia in the 12th century, and for several centuries

Demosthenes

2005-02-21T14:31:00.000-08:00

From this point on (354), Demosthenes' career is virtually the history of Athenian foreign policy. It was not very long before his oratorical skill made him, in effect, the leader of what today might be called the democratic party. Some interests, especially the wealthy, would have preferred an oligarchy instead of a democracy; many merchants would have preferred peace at

Roma

2005-02-18T06:03:00.000-08:00

Town, south-central Queensland, Australia, principal settlement of the Maronoa district, on Bungil Creek. The town, surveyed in 1862 and declared a municipality in 1867, was named after Diamantina Roma Bowen, wife of the state's first governor. Linked to Brisbane (about 315 miles [510 km] east-southeast) by rail, air, and the Carnarvon and Warrego highways, it serves an agricultural and pastoral

Augustus, Caesar

2005-02-17T22:12:00.000-08:00

In the following year the balance of power began to change: whereas Antony's eastern expedition failed, Octavian's fleet, commanded by his former schoolmate, Marcus Agrippa, who, although unpopular with the influential nobles, was an admiral of genius, totally defeated Sextus Pompeius off Cape Naulochus (Venetico) in Sicily. At this point the third triumvir, Lepidus,

Perche

2005-02-15T05:44:00.000-08:00

Region of northern France on the border of Normandie, mainly in the east of the Orne département, with extensions into neighbouring départements. Formerly a county, it was united to the French crown in 1525. It is largely hilly country, the Perche Hills having summits as high as 1,000 feet (300 m). Perche is a district of pastoral farming and dairying, famous for its breed of draft horses

Wild Rice

2005-02-12T04:49:00.000-08:00

Also called Indian Rice, Water Rice, or Water Oats (species Zizania aquatica), coarse annual grass of the family Poaceae whose grain, now often considered a delicacy, has long been an important food of North American Indians. Despite its name, the plant is not related to rice (Oryza sativa). Wild rice grows in shallow water in marshes and along the shores of streams and lakes in north-central North America.

Scandinavian Literature, The modern Swedish novel

2005-02-11T10:13:00.000-08:00

The development of the novel was associated with Gustaf Hellström, Ludvig Nordström, Elin Wägner, and Sigfrid Siwertz. Hellström's work as a journalist in Europe, the United States, and England greatly influenced him. Irony and careful detail emerged in his best known novel, Snörmakare Lekholm får en idé (1927; Lacemaker Lekholm Has an Idea). Siwertz was a more elegant stylist,

Brücke, Ernst Wilhelm Von

2005-02-09T01:07:00.000-08:00

Brücke was a member of a school of physiologists (including

Earnhardt, Dale

2005-02-06T15:15:00.000-08:00

Ralph Earnhardt, Dale's father, raced stock cars in the American southeast during the 1960s and helped to foster his son's passion for the sport. The younger Earnhardt dropped

Giridih

2005-02-05T07:50:00.000-08:00

Town, Bihar state, northeastern India. It lies 72 miles (115 km) northeast of Hazaribagh town, on both banks of the Usri River. In 1871 a branch line of the Eastern Railway was built to the town, increasing its importance as a transport centre for coal mined at nearby Kuharbarie, Serampore, and Banaidih. It is the headquarters of the country's major mica-producing firms and has a degree-granting

Prichard, Katherine Susannah

2005-02-03T15:36:00.000-08:00

Prichard's father was editor of the Fiji Times, and she grew up mostly in Australia. She first worked as a newspaper journalist in Melbourne and Sydney and then as a free-lance journalist in London before concentrating

Hu-lun Lake

2005-02-01T17:44:00.000-08:00

Hu-lun Lake has varied considerably in area according to variations in the climate. At one time it was part of a large lake that included Pei-erh Lake, a somewhat

Salatiga

2005-01-29T04:59:00.000-08:00

Kotamadya (municipality), Jawa Tengah provinsi (“province”), Java, Indonesia. The city lies 35 miles (56 km) north-northeast of Yogyakarta, at the foot of Mount Merbabu. At an elevation of 1,916 feet (584 m), it is a well laid out city that stands in the midst of fruit- and vegetable-growing highlands. The nearby hills are covered with plantations of rubber and coffee, and rice fields stretch before

Yerkes, Charles Tyson

2005-01-28T01:34:00.000-08:00

Yerkes started as a clerk at a Philadelphia commission broker, and by 1862 he was able to purchase his own banking house. In 1871 a stock exchange panic brought on by the Chicago fire found him unable to deliver money that he had received

Tzeltal

2005-01-26T23:12:00.000-08:00

Mayan Indians of central Chiapas in southeastern Mexico, most closely related culturally and linguistically to their neighbours to the west, the Tzotzil (q.v.). The habitat of the Tzeltal varies from plains and gentle hills to high peaks; climate and vegetation vary with altitude. The Indians are agricultural, growing corn (maize), beans of several varieties, and chilies

African Methodist Episcopal Church

2005-01-24T01:05:00.000-08:00

Black Methodist church in the United States, formally organized in 1816. It developed from a congregation formed by a group of blacks who withdrew in 1787 from St. George's Methodist Episcopal Church in Philadelphia because of restrictions in seating; blacks had been confined to the gallery of the church. Those who withdrew formed the Free African Society, the forerunner

Chrétien, Jean

2005-01-22T19:57:00.000-08:00

The 18th of 19 children of a working-class family, Chrétien studied law at Laval University and was called to the bar in Quebec in 1958. Long interested in politics, he was first elected to the House of Commons in 1963 and was reelected thereafter through

Argentine Museum Of Natural Sciences

2005-01-20T09:01:00.000-08:00

The museum has about 2,000,000 exhibits and a library of more than 500,000 volumes. Areas of expertise include archaeology, botany, ecology, entomology, hydrobiology, mineralogy, paleontology, and zoology.

Arras Lace

2005-01-18T10:01:00.000-08:00

Bobbin lace made at Arras, Fr., from the 17th century onward and similar to that of Lille. Although Arras was known for its gold lace, its popularity rested on its exceptionally pure-white lace, stronger than Lille but with similar floral patterns. Arras lace was worn at the coronation (1714) of George I of England. In the 19th century Arras produced a light variety of lace called mignonette.

Gabrieli, Andrea

2005-01-16T22:09:00.000-08:00

Madrigals for three to six voices in various collections; masses in six parts, Primus liber missarum (1572); Magnificat for three choirs; motets; various ricercari and canzoni.

Oates, Joyce Carol

2005-01-13T13:08:00.000-08:00

Oates's life and work are discussed in Eileen Teper Bender, Joyce Carol Oates, Artist in Residence (1987); Joanne V. Creighton, Joyce Carol Oates (1979), and Joyce Carol Oates: Novels of the Middle Years (1992); Greg Johnson, Understanding Joyce Carol Oates (1987), Joyce Carol Oates: A Study of the Short Fiction (1994), and Invisible Writer: A Biography of Joyce Carol Oates (1998); and Brenda Daly, Lavish Self-Divisions: The Novels of Joyce Carol Oates (1996).

Avionics

2005-01-12T08:12:00.000-08:00

Control apparatus includes the attitude gyro and

Amazonas

2005-01-09T22:03:00.000-08:00

Largest estado (“state”) of Brazil, situated in the northwestern part of the country. It is bounded to the northwest by Colombia, to the north by Venezuela and the Brazilian state of Roraima, to the east and southeast by the Brazilian states of Pará and Mato Grosso, to the south by the Brazilian state of Rondônia, to the southwest by the Brazilian state of Acre, and to the west

Staffordshire Figure

2005-01-08T09:55:00.000-08:00

Type of pottery figurine made in Staffordshire, England, from the 18th century. The earliest figures, made from about 1740, are naive but effective renderings of the human body in salt-glazed stoneware—e.g., the pew groups, or figures seated on a high-backed settle. Later some particularly happy effects were achieved in clouded, lead-glazed earthenware in which a subdued range

Acacia

2005-01-06T08:32:00.000-08:00

Any of about 800 species of trees and shrubs comprising a genus (Acacia) in the mimosa family (Mimosaceae) and native to tropical and subtropical regions of the world, particularly Australia (there called wattles) and Africa. Acacias' distinctive leaves take the form of small, finely divided leaflets that give the leafstalk a feathery or fernlike (i.e., pinnate) appearance.

Aesthetics, The aesthetic recipient

2005-01-04T21:05:00.000-08:00

Whichever approach we take, however, there is an all-important question upon the answer to which the course of aesthetics depends: the question of the recipient. Only beings of a certain kind have aesthetic interests and aesthetic experience, produce and appreciate art, employ such concepts as those of beauty, expression, and form. What is it that gives these beings

Claremore

2005-01-01T13:19:00.000-08:00

City, seat (1907) of Rogers county, northeastern Oklahoma, U.S., northeast of Tulsa. In 1880 John Bullette, a Delaware Indian, settled on the site, which he called Claremore for an Osage chief whose tribe once lived there. In 1882 it was moved from the banks of the Verdigris River to its present location to meet the Frisco Railroad, where pioneer settlement began. Artesian mineral waters,

Lake Geneva

2004-12-31T11:25:00.000-08:00

City, Walworth county, southeastern Wisconsin, U.S., on the northeastern shore of Lake Geneva at its outlet (the White River), 52 mi (84 km) southwest of Milwaukee. Named for Geneva, N.Y., it developed after 1840 and has been a popular year-round resort for more than a century, with many summer homes and estates (most of which are now permanent residences) on the lake and the wooded hills. The

Sankaran Nair, Sir Chettur

2004-12-28T06:09:00.000-08:00

Sankaran Nair

Ringerike

2004-12-26T23:42:00.000-08:00

Kommune (“commune”) and geographic region, Buskerud fylke (county), southeastern Norway, just northwest of Oslo. The region covers a total area of 600 square miles (1,553 square km) adjacent to the northern shore of Tyri Lake and northward to Rands Lake. The Ringerike was inhabited as early as AD 200 and existed as a petty kingdom in the 8th and 9th centuries. During the 10th century Norway's greatest

'ashura'

2004-12-25T06:47:00.000-08:00

Muslim holy day observed on the 10th of Muharram, the first month of the Islamic year (Gregorian date variable). 'Ashura' was originally designated in AD 622 by Muhammad, soon after the Hijrah (Hegira), as a day of fasting from sunset to sunset, probably patterned on the Jewish Day of Atonement, Yom Kippur. When Jewish-Muslim relations became strained, however, Muhammad made Ramadan the

Lena River

2004-12-22T03:38:00.000-08:00

Sakha (Yakut) Ulakhan Iuriakh (“Great River”) major river of Russia and the 10th longest river in the world. It flows 2,734 miles (4,400 km) from its sources in the mountains along the western shores of Lake Baikal, in southeastern Siberia, to the mouth of its delta on the Arctic Laptev Sea. The area of the river's drainage basin is about 961,000 square miles (2,490,000 square km).

Scandinavian Literature, Poetry

2004-12-21T06:59:00.000-08:00

Much poetry was written up to the time of the Reformation, and many new forms were devised. The best poems were religious pieces, in honour of the Virgin, the Apostles, or other saints. The well-known Lilja (c. 1350; “The Lily”) by Eysteinn Ásgrímsson, a monk from Thykkvabaer, gave an account of the fall of Satan, the creation, the first sin, and the birth, life, and Passion of Christ. The term

Zalygin, Sergey Pavlovich

2004-12-19T17:01:00.000-08:00

Russian writer and editor (b. Dec. 6, 1913, Durasovka, Russia—d. April 19, 2000, Moscow, Russia), was a respected Soviet novelist and the first non-Communist Party editor in chief of the monthly literary magazine Novy Mir; during Zalygin's tenure (1986–98) at Novy Mir he took advantage of Pres. Mikhail Gorbachev's glasnost policy and published many previously banned writings, including Boris Pasternak's

Reforming

2004-12-17T01:29:00.000-08:00

In chemistry, processing technique by which the molecular structure of a hydrocarbon is rearranged to alter its properties. The process is frequently applied to low-quality gasoline stocks to improve their combustion characteristics. Thermal reforming alters the properties of low-grade naphthas by converting the molecules into those of higher octane number

Biblical Literature, The First Letter of Peter

2004-12-15T10:35:00.000-08:00

The purpose of the First Letter of Peter is exhortation directed to “the exiles of the Dispersion” in Asia Minor in order that they “stand fast” in God's grace in the face of persecution. On the one hand, such persecution is viewed as part of the trials of the end-time that the community must undergo before the coming of the new age. On the other, persecution is viewed as a simple

Gentile Da Fabriano,

2004-12-12T09:02:00.000-08:00

An early signed work by Gentile has stylistic affinities with Lombard painting and suggests that he was trained in the Lombard school. In 1409 Gentile was commissioned to

Gobi, Animal life

2004-12-08T23:24:00.000-08:00

Animal life is varied, with such large mammals as the wild camel, the kulan (Equus hemionus), the dzheiran gazelle, and the dzeren (an antelope). Przewalski's horse, which once ranged in the western region of the desert, is probably extinct in the wild. Rodents include marmots and gophers, and there are reptiles.

Cumberland

2004-12-06T06:14:00.000-08:00

City, seat (1789) of Allegany county, northwestern Maryland, U.S. It lies in a bowl-shaped valley in the narrow panhandle region between Pennsylvania (north) and West Virginia (south), bounded by the Potomac River to the south. It is situated at the entrance to Cumberland Narrows, a natural gateway carved by Wills Creek through the Allegheny Mountains west to the Ohio River valley.

Vacuum Technology

2004-12-05T13:18:00.000-08:00

This gauge makes use of the fact that the rate of ion production by a stream of electrons in a vacuum system is dependent on pressure and the ionization probability of the residual gas. Also called the Penning gauge, it consists of two cathodes opposite one another with an anode centrally spaced between them inside a metal or glass envelope. Outside the envelope a

Condé, Henri Ii De Bourbon, 3e Prince De (3rd Prince Of)

2004-12-02T22:50:00.000-08:00

His mother, the princess de Condé (La Trémoille), was accused of having poisoned her husband, and doubts were even cast on the paternity of Henri II de Bourbon. Henry IV of

Ardea

2004-12-01T22:32:00.000-08:00

Ancient town of the Rutuli people, and now a modern village in Roma provincia, Lazio regione, west-central Italy. It lies 23 miles (37 km) south of Rome. In ancient times it was an important centre of the cult of Juno. Ardea developed into one of the most important Latin cities and was a member of the Latin leagues of the 6th and 5th centuries BC. In 444 the town signed a treaty with the Romans,

Dangriga

2004-11-28T17:37:00.000-08:00

Formerly Stann Creek, town, east-central Belize, at the mouth of the 20-mile- (32-kilometre-) long North Stann Creek, on the Caribbean coast. Founded in 1823 by black refugees from Honduras, it developed as a port and trading centre for bananas, timber, coconuts, and fish. It has a plant for canning and freezing orange juice. Dangriga is linked by coastal craft to Belize City, 40 miles (65 km) north, by coastal craft and

López Y Fuentes, Gregorio

2004-11-27T20:48:00.000-08:00

In his youth he spent much time in his father's general store, where he came in contact with the Indians, farmers, and labourers of the region, whose lives he would later describe with deep insight. After unsuccessful efforts at

Social Insurance

2004-11-25T10:19:00.000-08:00

The first compulsory social insurance programs on

Welding

2004-11-21T18:42:00.000-08:00

Technique used for joining metallic parts usually through the application of heat. This technique was discovered during efforts to manipulate iron into useful shapes. Welded blades were developed in the first millennium AD, the most famous being those produced by Arab armourers at Damascus, Syria. The process of carburization of iron to produce hard steel was known

Christian And Missionary Alliance

2004-11-18T05:31:00.000-08:00

Missionary and evangelistic movement that developed from the work of Albert B. Simpson (d. 1919), a Presbyterian minister who left that church to become an independent evangelist in New York City. In 1887 Simpson and others organized two societies, one for home and one for foreign missions. The two societies were merged into the Christian and Missionary Alliance in 1897. The organization

Minai Ware

2004-11-17T00:31:00.000-08:00

In Islamic ceramics, bowls, beakers, tankards, and bottles with enamel painting and gilding on a white ground, often with rich figure compositions in bands. Similar vessels in animal and human form were also produced. In the 13th and 14th centuries Sultanabad (now Soltanabad, Iran) and Varamin turned out minai ware.

Deva

2004-11-14T05:27:00.000-08:00

City, capital of Hunedoara judet (county), west-central Romania, on the banks of the Mures River, at an elevation of 590 feet (180 m). The town is dominated by Citadel Hill (1,217 feet), shaped like a truncated cone, which affords a commanding view of the Mures valley. Atop the hill are the ruins of a citadel, built in the 13th century at the time of the Mongol invasions. The city grew in the protective

Kudymkar

2004-11-13T09:31:00.000-08:00

City and administrative centre of Komi-Permyak autonomous okrug (district), Perm oblast (province), western Russia. It lies along the Inva River at the latter's confluence with the Kuva River in the Northern Ural Mountains. Founded in the 16th century, Kudymkar grew rapidly after 1925, and it became a town in 1938. Industrial enterprises include timber milling and food processing.

Cape Verde

2004-11-11T17:26:00.000-08:00

The World Bank and International Monetary Fund structural-adjustment programs had profound implications for national politics in Cape Verde in 2000. Designed to help attract foreign investment, the government's privatization program—especially the privatization of the state petroleum company Enacol—was strongly criticized by the main opposition party, the

Celesta

2004-11-08T04:26:00.000-08:00

Also spelled celeste, orchestral percussion instrument resembling a small upright piano, patented by a Parisian, Auguste Mustel, in 1886. It consists of a series of small metal bars (and hence is a metallophone) with a keyboard and a simplified piano action in which small felt hammers strike the bars. Each bar is resonated by a wooden box or similar chamber tuned to reinforce the fundamental

Alcor

2004-11-07T11:14:00.000-08:00

Also called 80 Ursae Majoris star with apparent magnitude of 4.03. The ability to see the dim star Alcor with the unaided eye may have been regarded by the Arabs (and others) as a test of good vision. Alcor makes a visual double with the brighter star Mizar in the middle of the handle of the Big Dipper (Ursa Major); the pair have also been called the Horse and Rider.

Frederick Ii

2004-11-04T15:03:00.000-08:00

After joining his uncles John and Adolphus, dukes of

Radar, Interference

2004-11-03T06:35:00.000-08:00

Signals from nearby radars and other transmitters can be strong enough to enter a radar receiver and produce spurious responses. Well-trained operators are not often deceived by interference, though they may find it a nuisance. Interference is not as easily ignored by automatic detection and tracking systems, however, and so some method is usually needed to recognize

Johannesen, Knut

2004-10-31T11:05:00.000-08:00

In addition to numerous Olympic medals and world records, Johannesen won acclaim for regaining Norway's dominance in speed skating and for being the first skater ever to complete 10,000 metres in less than 16 minutes. He accomplished the latter feat

Cohen, Albert

2004-10-29T20:15:00.000-07:00

From 1900 Cohen was reared in Marseilles, France. He studied law in Geneva, became a Swiss citizen, and began a career as a writer and as a civil servant, notably with the International Labour Organisation

Quinet, Edgar

2004-10-27T11:18:00.000-07:00

After moving to Paris in 1820, Quinet forsook the faith of his Protestant mother, became greatly attracted to German philosophy, and published in 1827–28, as his first major work, a translation of Herder's

Sea Walnut

2004-10-25T22:57:00.000-07:00

Any member of a common genus (Mnemiopsis) of gelatinous, planktonic marine invertebrates of the class Tentaculata (phylum Ctenophora). The sea walnut resembles the sea gooseberry morphologically, but as in many ctenophores the body is prolonged into eight lobes. Full-grown individuals may be as long as 15 cm (6 inches). They lead a wholly planktonic existence and are found

Minch, The

2004-10-24T08:26:00.000-07:00

Also called North Minch, Atlantic sea channel between the Outer Hebrides island group on the west and the mainland of Scotland on the east. The channel varies in width between 25 and 45 miles (40 and 70 km) and has both great depth and a rapid current. The Little Minch, its southerly extension, lies between the island groups of the Outer and Inner Hebrides, separating the islands of Harris and North Uist

Hale, Lucretia Peabody

2004-10-22T07:28:00.000-07:00

Hale was an elder sister of minister and writer Edward Everett Hale and of journalist and writer Charles Hale, and with them she grew up in a cultivated family much involved with literature. In 1850 she and her brother Edward collaborated on a novel, Margaret Percival in America. She

Clotilda, Saint

2004-10-20T21:16:00.000-07:00

Clotilda was the granddaughter of Gundioc, king of Burgundy, who was related to the Visigothic kings and shared their Arian Christian faith. At Gundioc's death his kingdom was divided between his four sons, Gundobad, Godegesil,

Tunisia, Soils

2004-10-17T16:32:00.000-07:00

Tunisia's most fertile soils are found in the well-watered intermontane valleys in the north, where rich sandy clay soils formed from alluvium or soils high in lime content cover the valley bottoms and plains. Aside from these and from the plains of the High Steppe region, where some clay soils of medium fertility may be found, soils in the rest of the country tend to

Fish Poisoning

2004-10-17T06:15:00.000-07:00

Ciguatera poisoning is one of the most common forms of fish poisoning in the Caribbean. It is caused by fishes that in other parts of the world constitute food items (e.g., sea bass, snapper). The conditions under which these fishes become toxic in the Caribbean waters are not clear. Symptoms,

Talion

2004-10-16T19:31:00.000-07:00

In ancient Palestine, injury and bodily mutilation, as well as theft, were considered

Huerta, Dolores

2004-10-15T22:36:00.000-07:00

When Huerta was a child she moved to Stockton, California, with her mother and siblings after her parents' divorce. She remained in touch with her father, Juan Fernández, and took pride in his personal and

Calbayog

2004-10-13T20:55:00.000-07:00

City, on the western coast of Samar Island, Philippines. The city lies along the Samar Sea at the mouth of the Calbayog River. It is a religious and educational centre, with fishing and mat-making the main industries. Calbayog is a regular port of call for interisland ships, since it is less subject to storms than is the northern coast. It is a leading exporter of abaca and

Local Group

2004-10-12T22:56:00.000-07:00

In astronomy, the group of more than 20 galaxies to which the Milky Way Galaxy belongs. About half are elliptical galaxies, with the remainder being of the spiral or irregular type. As in other clusters of galaxies, members are probably kept from separating by their mutual gravitational attraction. The Milky Way system is near one end of the volume of space occupied by

Biblical Literature, Ruth

2004-10-12T21:57:00.000-07:00

The Book of Ruth is a beautiful short story about a number of good people, particularly the Moabite great-grandmother of David. Though events are set in the time of the judges, linguistic and other features suggest that the present form dates from post-exilic times. But it gives the impression of being based on an ancient tradition, perhaps on written source. It was certainly

Frederick William Ii

2004-10-10T13:21:00.000-07:00

The son of Frederick the Great's brother Augustus William, he became heir presumptive on his father's death in 1758. He was intellectually receptive and devoted to the

Cross River

2004-10-10T00:44:00.000-07:00

The Cross River, after which the state is named, rises from the Cameroon Mountains and flows southward, forming much

Improvisation

2004-10-09T15:59:00.000-07:00

Many of

Downhill Skiing

2004-10-07T21:19:00.000-07:00

Ski race for speed on an adjusted downhill course that is marked by gates formed by paired poles, set at least 8 metres (26 feet) apart, through which the racer has to pass. Contestants make at least one timed practice run, then compete singly in an order set by previous performance and starting in one-minute intervals. The one who completes the course in the shortest time, without

Hyde, Sir Nicholas

2004-10-06T13:08:00.000-07:00

Sir Nicholas entered Parliament in 1601 and soon became prominent as an opponent of the court of James I, though he does not appear to have distinguished himself in the law. Before long, however, he deserted the popular party, and in 1626 he was employed by George Villiers, duke of Buckingham, in his defense to impeachment

Downhill Skiing

2004-10-06T00:35:00.000-07:00

Originally based in the Shankill Road area of Belfast, the UDA was responsible for political murders of Roman Catholics and prominent Republicans, though it claimed responsibility for most killings

Azide

2004-10-05T04:09:00.000-07:00

Any of a class of chemical compounds containing three nitrogen atoms as a group, represented as (-N3). Azides are considered as derived from hydrazoic acid (HN3), an inorganic salt such as sodium azide (NaN3), or an organic derivative in which the hydrogen atom of hydrazoic acid is replaced by a hydrocarbon group as in alkyl or aryl azide (RN3), or by an acyl (carboxylic acid) group

China, The YunnanKweichow highland region

2004-10-04T00:21:00.000-07:00

This region comprises the northern part of Yunnan and the western part of Kweichow; its edge is highly dissected. Yunnan is more distinctly a plateau and contains larger areas of rolling uplands than Kweichow, but both parts are distinguished by canyon-like valleys and precipitous mountains. The highest elevations lie in the west, where Mt. Tieh-chi'ang rises to 12,080 feet.

Cumberland House

2004-10-03T19:31:00.000-07:00

Unincorporated settlement and historic site on the south shore of Cumberland Lake (formerly Pine Island Lake, part of the Saskatchewan River system), eastern Saskatchewan, Canada. It lies near the Manitoba boundary, 85 miles (137 km) northeast of Nipawin. The house, built in 1774 by Samuel Hearne of the Hudson's Bay Company, was the company's first major inland trading post and the

Yana

2004-10-02T11:22:00.000-07:00

There were four Yana divisions—Northern, Central, and Southern Yana, as well as

Delisle, Guillaume

2004-10-01T08:11:00.000-07:00

A brother of the astronomer Joseph-Nicolas Delisle and a student of the astronomer Jean-Dominique Cassini, Delisle learned to fix accurate positions by astronomical observation. The accuracy of his continental outlines and his reduction of gross errors in determining lines of longitude

Marschner, Heinrich August

2004-09-30T00:50:00.000-07:00

Marschner studied law at Leipzig, but, encouraged by Ludwig van Beethoven, whom he met in Vienna in 1817, and others, he turned to composing. In 1820 his close friend Carl Maria von Weber produced Marschner's opera Heinrich IV und d'Aubigné at Dresden. Marschner was later appointed

Beja

2004-09-28T05:28:00.000-07:00

Arabic Bujah, nomadic people grouped into tribes and occupying mountain country between the Red Sea and the Nile and 'Atbarah rivers from the latitude of Aswan southeastward to the Eritrean Plateau—that is, from southeastern Egypt through The Sudan and into Eritrea. Numbering about 1,900,000 in the late 20th century, the Beja are descended from peoples who have lived in the area since 4000 BC or

'ar'ar

2004-09-28T01:38:00.000-07:00

Town, northern Saudi Arabia, situated in the Northern region at an elevation of 1,854 feet (565 m). 'Ar'ar was developed in the early 1950s by seminomadic people who were attracted by water made available around the Trans Arabian Pipeline (Tapline). Agriculture and livestock raising are the main economic activities. Crops include alfalfa, dates, fruits, and vegetables. 'Ar'ar has a technical

Poland, Partitions Of

2004-09-26T19:50:00.000-07:00

The First Partition occurred after Russia became involved in a war against the Ottoman Turks (1768) and won such impressive victories, particularly in the Danubian principalities,

Moray

2004-09-26T17:29:00.000-07:00

Any of 80 or more species of eels of the family Muraenidae. Moray eels occur in all tropical and subtropical seas, where they live in shallow water among reefs and rocks and hide in crevices. They differ from other eels in having small rounded gill openings and in generally lacking pectoral fins. Their skin is thick, smooth, and scaleless, while the mouth is wide and the jaws

Apraxia

2004-09-24T23:15:00.000-07:00

Ideational

Papyrology

2004-09-24T00:36:00.000-07:00

Most papyrus documents have been found in Egypt, where the papyrus plant was cultivated for the manufacture of writing material and the dry climate favoured preservation. Papyrus documents have been